My thanks to the church urban fund for putting on this most informative day and the tweeters whose tweets have helped me construct this post.
In summary the key insights, quotes, contacts and resources I gathered from the day are below
1) Factoids
- I in 6 of those who need financial advice actually ask for it
- "financial distress is the principal cause of personal distress
- there are 8m over emdebted adults in the UK
- the unsecured debt in the UK (excl. mortgages) is £6k per household
- 21m in the UK don’t have £500 of savings
- 65% of clients seeking financial advice visit their GP due to their financial distress
- and 34% contemplate suicide
- and 21% have broken relationships
- the no. of jobs with limited hours remains high – underemployment is still an issue
- Half of those in poverty in the UK are living in homes where at least one person is employed
- 42% of households are finding it difficult to manage
- Some 600k are without bank accounts (has reduced)
- There has been a drop in the no. of saving accounts
- But for those who do have savings the amounts in the accounts are increasing (a sign of increasing inequality)
- But for those who do have savings the amounts in the accounts are increasing (a sign of increasing inequality)
- Unsecured credit – payday loans - have declined. But its difficult to say where people have gone instead
- More are now saving for Pensions – but are they saving enough?
- Local welfare assistance – this has more or less disappeared
- Evictions from rented accommodation 42k (2014) – In 2009 this was 28k- Church Urban Fund How we Help clip
- This 10 part Radio 4 series with 15 minute slots on the history of debt maybe useful
- Minimum Income Standards
- Financial Inclusion Commission report
- God & the moneylenders Report by @theologycentre et al static1.squarespace.com/static/5406dac…
- Listen Up type tools cuf.org.uk/research/listen church-poverty.org.uk/listenup and from this document
- Drop in - places of welcome
- Money Talk - a project by Dr Andrew Orton at Durham University
- Murston Community Hub Includes a community bank, a branch of a Kent Savers Credit Union Contacts: Rev Lesley Jones and on facebook
- end #taxdodging from @christian_aid christianaid.org.uk/ActNow/trace-t…
3) Quotes
"Poverty means you can't take part"
"We now know, beyond all doubt, the impact of poverty on people's mental health"
"Managing money well is a key part of living a fulfilled and contented life"
"anyone in a living relationship with Jesus Christ is doing theology"
"The true theologian is one who prays"
"Aren’t we a church of the poorest – as well as a church for the poorest?"
"Isn’t the church about helping the voiceless get a voice – rather than being their voice for them?"
"If the world as it should be is not going to happen tomorrow - then where is it right for us to compromise now?
"How do we 'handle' the material world? As iconic (of life of God) or idolatrous (distracting from love of God & neighbour)?
4) What caused the financial crisis? - in 8 points
1) Most financiers are optimists,
2) Most financiers are motivated by personal reward,
3) Some are willing to do wrong for personal reward,
4) The financial system itself is too complicated,
5) So often actions have unintended consequences,
6) Economic science is imperfect in its understanding of how things work,
7) Politicians and regulators are partisan in their views,
8) Materialism and greed are the prevailing values of society
"Poverty means you can't take part"
"We now know, beyond all doubt, the impact of poverty on people's mental health"
"Managing money well is a key part of living a fulfilled and contented life"
"anyone in a living relationship with Jesus Christ is doing theology"
"The true theologian is one who prays"
"Aren’t we a church of the poorest – as well as a church for the poorest?"
"Isn’t the church about helping the voiceless get a voice – rather than being their voice for them?"
"If the world as it should be is not going to happen tomorrow - then where is it right for us to compromise now?
"How do we 'handle' the material world? As iconic (of life of God) or idolatrous (distracting from love of God & neighbour)?
4) What caused the financial crisis? - in 8 points
1) Most financiers are optimists,
2) Most financiers are motivated by personal reward,
3) Some are willing to do wrong for personal reward,
4) The financial system itself is too complicated,
5) So often actions have unintended consequences,
6) Economic science is imperfect in its understanding of how things work,
7) Politicians and regulators are partisan in their views,
8) Materialism and greed are the prevailing values of society
5) Five Actions needed to address remaining financial crash issues
1) Criminal convictions for those miss-selling or manipulating markets,
1) Criminal convictions for those miss-selling or manipulating markets,
2) Firms and regulators need to strengthen their oversight, enforcement and deterrence (specifically against those who wilfully take wrong actions),
3) Firm's actions need to be more clearly aligned to the common good and right outcomes as do their incentives,
3) Firm's actions need to be more clearly aligned to the common good and right outcomes as do their incentives,
4) Individuals financial capabilities need to be improved,
5) Competition and diversity in the financial market need to be improved – especially in the community finance sector
6) Five things the churches can do
1) Help & support the community financial sector,
2) appoint Church credit champions,
3) support the Lifesavers - weekly savings clubs,
4) Provide training & resources to integrate financial education into existing subjects in curriculum,
5) Use its influence, 6) Raise awareness of non bank lending institutions, e.g the churches mutual credit union,
7) How HMG can help community finance grow
1) enable payroll deductions by credit unions,
2) provide mutual infrastructure,
3) support capital lending at not for profit rates,
4) Improve incentives & support for poor savers
5) Provide some leadership as suggested in the Financial Inclusion Commission report
2) appoint Church credit champions,
3) support the Lifesavers - weekly savings clubs,
4) Provide training & resources to integrate financial education into existing subjects in curriculum,
5) Use its influence, 6) Raise awareness of non bank lending institutions, e.g the churches mutual credit union,
7) How HMG can help community finance grow
1) enable payroll deductions by credit unions,
2) provide mutual infrastructure,
3) support capital lending at not for profit rates,
4) Improve incentives & support for poor savers
5) Provide some leadership as suggested in the Financial Inclusion Commission report
8) There are 3 main causes of financial exclusion
1) Low and insecure income,
2) The policy & practice of banks, regulators utility providers and high cost finance providers - all of which mean the poor pay more for their banking and utilities than richer people,
3) Reducing benefits that are no longer a safety net
If you have any materials or links to slides that I've missed please message me and I'll add them in. Today (10/11/15) I've added to this post videos, transcripts, slides and seminar info CUF have put on their site. At the foot of this post are links to some other summaries I've done that you may find useful. What follows below is a bit more on each of the sessions plus links to useful info or sites. My own observations and information are in red coloured font ......
2) The policy & practice of banks, regulators utility providers and high cost finance providers - all of which mean the poor pay more for their banking and utilities than richer people,
3) Reducing benefits that are no longer a safety net
If you have any materials or links to slides that I've missed please message me and I'll add them in. Today (10/11/15) I've added to this post videos, transcripts, slides and seminar info CUF have put on their site. At the foot of this post are links to some other summaries I've done that you may find useful. What follows below is a bit more on each of the sessions plus links to useful info or sites. My own observations and information are in red coloured font ......
We were given a few facts, quotes, opinions and shown a clip:
Demand for financial advice is an issue
- 1 in 6 of those who need financial advice actually ask for it
– so there is an issue with demand as concerns financial inclusion
Many people don't have sufficient savings
Supply of impartial and fair advice is also an issue
Poverty affects people's mental and physical health
What caused the financial crisis? - in 8 points (Sir Hector stressed all the views he was expressing where his own not an organisations)
1) Most financiers are optimists
2) Most financiers are motivated by personal reward
3) Some are willing to do wrong for personal reward
4) The financial system itself is too complicated
5) So often actions have unintended consequences
6) Economic science is imperfect in its understanding of how
things work
7) Politicians and regulators are partisan in their views
8) Materialism and greed are the prevailing values of society
How should we respond to these and other causes of the financial crash?
1) Manage prudential risk better
- Generally there has been a good response with new capital and liquidity rules
- And rule changes that bad decisions will now impact more on
capital providers and employees
2) Deter senior executives from not managing risks well
- the approach has been had been strengthened and this plus the point above means the impact of bank failure on society has been reduced
- (my
notes on this aren’t clear as Sir Hector was talking at pace - but I assume he made this statement based on the points 1) & 2) and the assessment that taxpayers won't have to bail banks out in future - but as concerns the UK economy and finance's % share of it - aren’t the banks still too big to fail?)
- There has been a less complete response to this
- Pursuit of those miss-selling of manipulating markets had
not led to many criminal convictions
- So there is much to be done to make the financial system fairer
and more equitable
Some facts & figures on the effects of financial distress
- financial distress is
the principal cause of personal distress
- there are 8m over emdebted adults in the UK
- the unsecured debt in the UK (excl. mortgages) is £6k per
household
- 21m in the UK don’t have £500 of savings
- 65% of clients seeking financial advice visit their GP due to
their financial distress
- and 34% contemplate suicide
- and 21% have broken relationships
This ten part Radio 4 series with 15 minute slots on the history of debt maybe useful
What do we want from a financial system?
- ethical
- provide responsible credit (so debt people can pay back, which is affordable, which is flexible to people's changing circumstances)
But the system is not as ethical as we would like so ....
How should the financial sector improve the financial system given the reality of human nature?
1) Firms (and especially their compliance functions) and
regulators need to strengthen their oversight, enforcement and deterrence
(specifically against those who wilfully take wrong actions)
2) Firm's actions need to be more clearly aligned to the
common good and right outcomes as do their incentives
3) Individuals financial capabilities need to be improved
4) Competition and diversity in the financial market need to
be improved – especially in the community finance sector
And what can the local churches do?
1) Help the community financial sector
- by encouraging people to use that sector to save and borrow money
- Sir Hector pointed out that the CofE has an unmatched branch network with some 16000 churches. So churches can provide buildings and venues and other physical opportunities for credit unions to provide local services
- by appointing Church credit champions – to support organisations like credit unions, aid access to quality debt advice (debt signposters), support the lifesavers project, provide general information, help people save ethically, support the use of church buildings to provide affordable credit
2) Help improve people's financial education
- Help manage multi generational financial education via primary schools (1 in 4 of primary schools are CofE
- so parents, staff, children and church members are all educated
- Lifesavers - weekly savings clubs
- Provide training & resources to integrate financial education into existing subjects in curriculum
3) Use its influence
- Sir Hector said that since 2013 and the CofE's campaign to provide alternatives to payday lenders there has been a 68% reduction in the payday loans sector
Conclusions
- Sir Hector mentioned that Direct service provision had been considered. But it had been decided that it was not appropriate for the CofE to operate financial services itself. Instead they needed to raise awareness of non bank lending institutions, e.g the churches mutualcredit union, influence others and help and add value to existing initiatives
- The key looking forward was how to continue the trajectory on Credit champions and Life Savers
- managing money well is a key part of living a fulfilled
and contented life
- One of Sir Hector's aims was that every CofE church be involved in the various initiatives to the degree it can be
Q&A
Q1) Educating those managing on less – isn’t this insulting to
those who simply don’t earn enough?
A1) Financial education itself doesn’t address poverty
itself. That is a different sort of problem. But encouraging people to make
small amounts of savings is really important in terms of helping people not go
into debt
Q2) 68% reduction in payday loans – where did they go instead?
A2) Note: Although other speakers pointed to a lack of reliable information on whether this reduction in payday loans just represents a transfer to other (and sometimes worse) forms of borrowing. As concerns payday loans and the Q&A at the end of this 1st Keynote address:
- a rep from the payday sector quoted some research with a small (2k?) sample that he said indicated some 2% had gone to worse (eg loan sharks) lenders
- Sir Hector said he didn't think they have gone to unregulated loan sharks and also mentioned that in terms of use of payday loans around 50% seemed to be for “understandable” reasons and 50% for “impulse” buys
Q3) What should the government do?
A3) Credit unions are 2-3% of the UK sector – in other countries
they can be 20-35%. HMG can help community finance get a larger % share by:
- enabling payroll deductions by credit unions
- providing mutual infrastructure
- supporting capital lending at not for profit rates
Q4) Don't credit unions compete with each other – and do they want
to work with churches?
A4) Yes not all credit unions want to work with churches. But churches can still help CU’s grow (and remember out of 300 or so CUs some 10 or
so fail p.a.)
Q5) As credit unions grow doesn’t their ability to offer local
services reduce?
A5) The local knowledge factor maybe to do with size – but most
CUs aren’t big enough for it to be a facto. So this is high class type of
problem to have and we don't have it yet
Q6) On the subject of managing finances well and the subject of
equity – isn’t it indulgent not to invest in Trident?
Not answered. (I’m not sure my summary of the questions is
correct as I found it difficult to understand the question being asked)
Q7) Does community finance include credit unions?
A7) Yes
Professor Karen Rowlingson on financial inclusion and
exclusion - 2nd keynote address
Powerpoint slides
Powerpoint slides
Definitions and debates about financial inclusion
– about having access to
affordable and appropriate finance
- an ends rather than a means?
Some facts and figures and analysis
Work
– in 2007/8 around 1m lost their jobs, by 2014 unemployment was down to pre-crash levels. But no. of jobs with limited hours remains high – underemployment is still an issue
Pay & Poverty
– in real terms pay has reduced a lot but pay levels have turned around
recently
- having a job is not a guarantee to avoid
poverty
- As measured against Minimum Income Standards pensioners more or less achieve MIS, other groups achieve 40-60% of MIS
(MIS asks members of the public what goods
and services they think different types of household need (needs not wants) to
live to an adequate level. The 2015 figures worked out at £17.1K income - before tax - for single people, and for a couple
with 2 children - £20k each
So just in case you think MIS might be too high - for a single person each week their MIS is made up of:
£86 Rent -
so around £12 a day
£45 Social
& cultural participation - so
around £6 a day
£44 Food –
so around £6 a day
£27 Other
Travel costs -
so around £4 a day
£17 Fuel -
so around £2.50 a day
£15 Council Tax - so
around £2 a day
£13 Personal
goods & services - so around
£2 a day
£12 Household
goods
£7 Clothing
£6 Water
rates
£5 Alcohol
£3 Household
services
£1 Household
insurances
£0 Motoring,
Childcare, tobacco
- Foodbank usage in 2014/15 (in 2010/11 it was 62k)
Banking & Savings & Debt & Pensions & Benefits
“You need a letter from God to get a bank account round here”
- 42% of households are finding it difficult to manage
- Some 600k are without bank accounts (has reduced)
- There has been a drop in the no. of saving accounts – but for those who do have
savings the amounts in the accounts are increasing (a sign of increasing
inequality)
- Unsecured credit – payday loans - have declined. But its difficult to say where people have gone instead
- More are now saving for Pensions – but are they saving enough?
- Local welfare assistance – this has more or less disappeared
- Evictions from rented accommodation 42k (2014) – In 2009 this was 28K
In summary the 3 main causes of financial exclusion
1) Low and insecure income
2) The policy & practice of banks, regulators utility providers and high cost finance providers - all of which mean the poor pay more for their banking and utilities than richer people do. e.g. 0% more for their fuel (pre-pay) and 50-150% more for their loans
3) Reducing benefits that are no longer a safety net
And all of this impacts badly on people’s physical and
mental health
What do we need to do to tackle these causes?
1) Have Living wages
2) Have social security which is a safety net (it isn’t at the
moment)
3) Reform banks, alternative finance providers, local
authorities, housing associations, money advice agencies – in how they give
advice, deal with debt & evictions, charge for loans & overdrafts &
credit cards
5) Financial Inclusion Commission report – recommendations that
include some leadership from Government
Q&A
Q1) Where did the payday borrowers go instead?
A2) See previous debate in Q&A for 1st keynote. Prof Karen pointed out that there is a role for payday borrowers – but really people
need to not borrow.
Q2) Have you heard of delays to assessments so HMG don’t have to
pay benefits?
A2) Delays on Employment Support Allowance are 6 months or more. Its outrageous how HMG seem to be able to get away with this
Q3) Why was Gateway was ditched but Help to Buy ISA continued?
A3) Savings policy & practice is biased towards helping the
wealthy more than the poorest
Q4) Local authority savings – what are they to do?
A4) They have my sympathy in the very difficult decisions they have
to make
Q5) What is happening as concerns people having access to the
internet to claim benefits?
A6) Internet access is required to access Universal Credit. HMG ought to make access possible via basic SMS capable
mobile phones
Q6) Long term unemployed on benefit – what will happen when all
benefit is given to a person who comes from generations of worklessness?
A6) Under Universal Credit one person in the household gets
all the benefit - one month in arrears. This will be a challenge to those who've previously had their rent and other costs paid for them rather than via their bank accounts.
Q7) Should people have access to credit?
A7) Credit Unions are actually also about savings – despite the
name
Q8) Benefits are down & tenants are quickly evicted if they
have no income – have you heard that local authorities are imposing rules on
access to social housing (e.g. you have to have been in the area for 10 years)?
A8) No I hadn’t heard that – it sounds almost like the poor
law/parish system from history.
Angus explained he had been asked to Asked to talk about financial systems and about theology –
both are intimidating and have their own high priests who think they are right
Ken Leach used to ask
- What is theology and who gets to do it?
- Well theology is political, spiritual and social
- Well theology is political, spiritual and social
- People seem to want tranquillity in the midst of a society where plainly it is largely unavailable
Who are the church?
- When we pray for the homeless are we praying for us or for them?
- Shouldn’t we be about helping those at the sharp end of
injustice organise against it? – so power is transferred to them (by those who
usually don’t give up such power)
- Isn’t the church about helping the voiceless get a voice – rather than being their voice for them?
The Sacrament & the bible & grace & communion
- “The sacraments aren’t freak events in a world that doesn’t operate to their way – they reveal what our world is fundamentally about”
- The bible is full of metaphors about debt, slavery, freedom - and those metaphors are at the heart of faith
- The gospel itself is full of tension in its message of
reconciliation
- Isn’t the blueprint for the material world for us to grow in
communion with God and our neighbours
- Indeed the material world itself is a gift given through
grace for such communion
- The scriptural prohibitions on usury – what do they mean? For credit and debt?
- How do we help people grow in communion?
- When we lend are we about building people up?
- If the world as it should be is not going to happen tomorrow - then where is it right for us to compromise now?
Icons & idols & the material world
- Today an icon is something you click on so something else opens
- If the material world can bear the glory of God incarnate
then aren’t icons windows into communion with the divine?
- And as such icons are different from idols which try to attract our attention themselves
- And as such icons are different from idols which try to attract our attention themselves
Reflection
In the Ignation tradition
– do we reflect on how our daily exchanges have helped us grow in our charity of interactions with others?
- and ask where was God in those encounters?
- In spiritual
direction are we ever asked what we do with our money?
How could the
world of theology and finance not interact?
There was no time for questions
Afternoon Seminar Sessions - These were scheduled so you couldn't get to all of them.
Starting Conversations about finance
There was no time for questions
Afternoon Seminar Sessions - These were scheduled so you couldn't get to all of them.
Starting Conversations about finance
Listen Up Tool
- They used a
tool called Listen Up
- You also need
to really know and understand your church and your neighbourhood
- They started with a drop in - places of welcome – where hospitality was key and which had internet access to help people with job searches and other questions
- They wanted to go beyond the model of clients presenting issues to a service provider
- So they formed a team (about 6 people) of people who were good listeners and they wanted that team to get to know people better. The listeners took a Dictaphone with them and used a no. of tools (from this document) to help their listening:
1) A picture of your home – draw in who lives in it, who goes out from it to where, who comes into it from where
2) A timeline horizontally across a page in the pages middle – above the line = good times, below the line = bad times. Think thru the last 5 years or so – mark in good times and bad times – talk a bit about them
3) A picture of 2 jam jars – the left is income, the right is spending – write down what the major items are in each
4) Livelihood Ladders – Physical, Social, Human (they re titled to internal), Public (they retitled to local), Financial
They listened using these 4 tools – then got together as a team and tried to summarise what they had heard. Then they shared a draft of that summary with those they had listened to and finalised it with them
Then they shared the summary with local politicians, authorities and school
Money Talk
- A project looking at how faith affects what those of faith do with their £
- Used in small groups, sermon times, bible studies
- Uses a structure of
Listen - go out to people
Reflect - on what the bible says about money and what the passages truly mean
- "the poor will always be with you",
- "the love of money is the root of all evil",
- the parable of the talents,
- the story of the rich man and his barns who dies,
- the story of the rich young ruler "go and sell your possessions "and give to the poor
Dr Andrew Orton at Durham University
Links provided by CUF on their site on 10/11/15 ....
Listen up! – The experience of Hodge Hill Church, Birmingham,
Money Talks – a guide for starting a conversation in your church.
Links provided by CUF on their site on 10/11/15 ....
Providing Debt Advice
Money Talk
- A project looking at how faith affects what those of faith do with their £
- Used in small groups, sermon times, bible studies
- Uses a structure of
Listen - go out to people
Reflect - on what the bible says about money and what the passages truly mean
- "the poor will always be with you",
- "the love of money is the root of all evil",
- the parable of the talents,
- the story of the rich man and his barns who dies,
- the story of the rich young ruler "go and sell your possessions "and give to the poor
Dr Andrew Orton at Durham University
Links provided by CUF on their site on 10/11/15 ....
Building financial capability:
- The Basic Budgeting Course – an adaptable and accessible course developed by Transforming Notts Together. (Please email hello@cuf.org.uk for more information)
- The Lifesavers Project – Bringing a savings culture into primary schools.
- The Money Course – Building financial capability, developed by HTB.
Providing Debt Advice
Debt Signposting
Links provided by CUF on their site on 10/11/15 ....
Creating a Community Hub
Includes a community bank, a branch of a Kent Savers Credit Union
Contacts: Rev Lesley Jones and on facebook
- They are relatively new and were up and running in 90 days
- Their areas issues are unemployment, debt, domestic violence, isolation
- They have many partnerships
- They help people fill out loans forms - in doing so often it becomes clear its best the donlt get a loan
- They have citizens advice in church along with a cafe
- They do children's savings and the most regular from the local Junior School got a certificate signed by the bishop and the diocese added £10 to their savings
- Other activites include a toddler group, school uniform recycling, debt advice
St Andrews Community Network
- The created a church owned company & charity and have gradually grown to provide debt advice, foodbank, credit union, financial education, mental health support
- They got somebody to do a report on their impact in terms of a calculation of social return in £'s
- They use the CMA debt model as it allows more to be served (in their opinion)
- Whereas the CAP model is quite restrictive on no's served buy stronger on faith commitments
- They invest heavily in their volunteers training and skills
- Growth has brought with it challenges keeping relationships and quality of exposure to people to listen
- They make a real effort to listen to their volunteers in terms of what is and isn't working
Links provided by CUF on their site on 10/11/15 ....
End tax dodging
Links provided by CUF on their site on 10/11/15 ....
Links provided by CUF on their site on 10/11/15 ....
learning from the Church Credit Champions Network.
Together for the common good
Links provided by CUF on their site on 10/11/15 ....
Other resources for churches:
- Seeing Change course, based on the story of Nehemiah, equipping churches to understand and rebuild our broken economic system.
- God and the Moneylenders: Faith and the Battle against exploitative lending
- CUF: Building Financial Inclusion in our communities
- CUF: Money speaks louder than words
- Childrens Society: The Debt Trap: Exposing the impact of problem debt on children
And here's another persons take on the day
other posts on RSA, TED, other lectures, conferences, others blog posts
2015
10 useful links (no. 16 - includes links to all the previous useful link post plus 10 new links on subjects like you tube live streaming, pep talk generator, pew research data, tolkein reading the #Hobbit, 21 #twitter tools, #financial inclusion & others
Digital & Data Journalism London News Impact Summit – 12 quotes + 18 resource links mega summary - then the detail
the importance of character - an RSA event with David Brooks
in search of a fuller life - an RSA event with philosopher Theodore Zeldin
new #tech and the power to create #RSAptc
18 management practices to measure good management & 10 conclusions on the data gathered on such across firms and countries - summarised out of this paper - Why Do Management Practices Differ across Firms and Countries? - by Nicholas Bloomand John Van Reenen
algorithmically enhanced confirmation bias - 6 uncomfortable facts about how facebook affects what we see - from a post by @nathanjurgenson
10 thoughts on some possible insights (& questions) from the UK Election results
11 headlines on why we use facebook & social media - summarised out of a very rich buffer post by Courtney Seiteron
7 Challenges to #Globalization & 5 lessons for geo-economics - from a @wef report
The 10 problems which mean the process to allocate scientific funding is broken
where does creativity come from? - a @RSAEvents lecture by mathematician @Cedric_Villani @alexbellos
Headlines from LSE analysis of #UK social #policy 2010-2015 in tabular form: #positives, #negatives & mixed outcomes - from @CASE_LSE papers found via @trustforlondonhow to innovate & survive - by @markf212 (Mark Payne)where does creativity come from? - a @RSAEvents lecture by mathematician @Cedric_Villani @alexbellos
18 top tips and thoughts about using #social media to enable #community source = an article by Anatoliy Gruzd PhD & Caroline Haythornthwaite PhD
2014
Data Protection & Privacy - 8 issues from an International Conference
escape your social horizon limit & understand more - source = a blog post summarising the work of Jeffrey A. Smith, Miller McPherson & Lynn Smith-Lovin
OECD - challenges for the next 50 years - in an OECD report
Want to help somebody - shut up and listen - by ermesto sirolli
social media & death - 10 things you may not have thought about - #DORS conference
persuasion and power in the modern world and the rise of soft power - UK House of Lords
2013
UK Government Policy Blunders & their common causes - by Anthony King & Ivor Crewe
the development of the U2 spyplane - source = CIA historians Gregory Pedlow & Donald Welzenbach
considering culture and business process improvement - source = an article by Schmiedel, Theresa, vom Brocke, Jan, & Recker
ideas that may help you attract older volunteers - source = a paper by Brayley, Nadine, Obst, Patricia L., White, Katherine M., Lewis, Ioni M.,Warburton, Jeni, & Spencer, Nancy
physical factors which help people get better quicker - source = a paper by Salonen, Heidi & Morawska, Lidia
guiding principles on designing construction kits - by Mitchel Resnick & Brian Silverman
signs of overparenting - source = an article by Locke, Judith, Campbell, Marilyn A., & Kavanagh, David J
making ideas happen - source = a 99U conference
2012
how to spot a liar - by pamela myer
ambiguity, irreverence, commentary & judgement - by lauren zalaznick
measuring happiness - source = talk by jim clifton, jim harter, ben leedle
2006 twittr launches
2005 youtube
2004 the facebook online and digg
2001 wikipedia
1999 weblog software launched
1998 Google
1996 HoTMaiL
1995 auctionweb
1994 CERN release a web browser
1984 Apple Macintosh launched
1977 IBM personal computer
1976 mail via computers
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